When Roman rule in Britain ended in the early 400s, the Bingham area, along with much of England, was subjected to invasion by pagan tribes of Jutes, Angles and Saxons from south Scandinavia and north Germany. Central government ceased, and Roman authority was fragmented; in many cases control was taken over by the invaders. There are no local documents surviving from this time, and most of the evidence comes from scattered archaeological finds.

A gilt-bronze pendant, possibly from a horse harness, was found at Margidunum, the nearby Roman town on the Fosse Way. The distinctive style of relief decoration dates to the fifth century and employs motifs and techniques more Roman than Germanic in character. That Roman art styles continued to develop in this period suggests that at least part of the local population survived the Anglo-Saxon invasions; the fineness of the object indicates a person of some status, and suggests that Margidunum remained important for some time after the end of Roman rule, perhaps as a centre of resistance to the invaders.

There is, however, no doubting the impact of the invaders. An Anglo-Saxon brooch (drawn in 1909) found at Margidunum probably came from a female burial in a cemetery, though its findspot is unknown. Scattered potsherds have also been found. These objects are firmly in the Anglo-Saxon tradition and reflect the eventual ascendancy of the invaders over the indigenous culture.

A view of the Fosse Way from the hilltop southwest of Saxondale in 1722 shows a mound located in the centre of the Fosse Way, identified by the artist, the antiquary William Stukeley, as a tumulus (burial mound). As it blocked the Roman Road, it must be post-Roman in date, built when there was no controlling authority to prevent encroachment onto the road. The burial-mound and its isolated hilltop location are typical of the burials of pagan Anglo-Saxon chieftains; providing a durable mark in the landscape, a symbol of authority visible from miles around. It is likely to date from the 600s, though its exact location is unknown and it was never excavated.

Two other important pagan Anglo-Saxon sites are known in the parish. At Parson's Hill, a human skeleton was found in 1863, buried with a shield and spear. Sadly these objects do not survive, but they are likely to be of about 500-700 AD. The presence of weapons indicates a male burial, of the free-born warrior class. At Starnhill Farm pottery and burnt bone were found on the surface after ploughing. Such finds are likely to come from a cremation cemetery where, after the burning of the body on a cremation pyre, the bones of the dead person were scooped up together with the remains of any grave goods, and placed in a pottery urn. The invading Anglo-Saxons imported this form of burial; the cemetery must have been a central burial place for the new settlers.

In the very south-western corner of the parish, on the west side of the Fosse Way, and near the tumulus recorded by Stukeley, stands the 'Moothouse Pit'. This substantial man-made depression was in existence by 1677, when it was believed to have been the meeting-place of the wapentake of Bingameshou. The wapentakes were sub-divisions of the shires first recorded around the years 900-1000, local meeting places where land transactions and judgments on cases of theft and violence were made. The people of Bingham wapentake came from an area extending 20 miles across south-east Nottinghamshire from Widmerpool to Flintham. The pit takes its name from Moothawes (meaning the meeting-place at the mound) recorded in 1375, and a mound is again indicated by the -hou element in Bingameshou. It is thus likely that the burial mound illustrated by Stukeley was used as the meeting-place of the wapentake. On the other hand, the site may simply have been chosen as a convenient well-known landmark, but Bingham wapentake was not alone in choosing a pagan burial mound, and we might speculate that the site had a greater antiquity as a meeting-place, perhaps back into the pagan period, around 400-600 AD. Could the institution hinted at have been a successor of the local government functions of Margidunum?

No tangible trace of the native Roman population of this time has so far been found; analogy from elsewhere suggests that life at the peasant level at least may have continued with little more than a change of masters. It is likely to have taken the form of scattered hamlets or individual farms